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标题：Better late than never? Interannual and seasonal variability in breeding chronology of gentoo penguins at Stranger Point, Antarctica
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作者：Mariana A. Juáres ; M. Mercedes Santos ; Javier Negrete 等
期刊名称：Polar Research
印刷版ISSN：1751-8369
出版年度：2013
卷号：32
期号：0
DOI：10.3402/polar.v32i0.18448
语种：English
出版社：Co-Action Publishing
摘要：Rapid climate change recorded in the western Antarctic Peninsula confronts species with less predictable conditions in the marine and terrestrial environments. We analysed the breeding chronology and nesting site selection of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo), Antarctica, during four seasons in which differences in snow presence and persistence on the ground were observed. We recorded an overall delay as well as seasonal asynchrony at the beginning of reproduction for those years with higher snow deposition. A redistribution of breeding groups was also observed. Nevertheless, the population breeding success and chicks’ weight at fledging remained relatively constant, despite the delay in breeding chronology, the increased duration of foraging trips during the guard stage and the decreased weight of stomach contents during the crèche stage. We suggest that the plasticity of their trophic biology, along with the flexibility of their breeding phenology and relocation of breeding groups, may be complementary reasons why gentoo penguin populations in the region have remained stable in spite of the changing conditions currently registered.Keywords: Antarctica; breeding delay; breeding phenology; snow; Pygoscelis papua; Euphausia superba (Published: 13 May 2013)Citation: Polar Research 2013, 32, 18448, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.18448
关键词：biology; ecology;Antarctica; breeding delay; breeding phenology; snow; Pygoscelis papua; Euphausia superba