The paper presents the findings of some Brazilian authors who have discussed the relationship between Health and Human Rights, tacking them to the analysis of qualitative results by one of the studies developed by the Centre for AIDS Prevention Studies (NEPAIDS/ USP) about the theme "STD/HIV, sexual health and citizenship of young living in coastal tourist communities in Brazil." Describes the Framework of Vulnerability and Human Rights, making a brief retrospective of some landmarks in the construction of notions of health and illness, assertiveness in health as social right and your understanding as psychosocial phenomenon crossed by political contexts, social, legal, economic and cultural. The vulnerability of young people from coastal communities to sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV, and sexual violence are the subjects examined from the viewpoint of symbolic and social inequalities, demonstrating the operability of the explicit reference to the analysis in health in terms of citizenship.