Purpose to investigate the enunciative relationships which are established between parents and children who have risk factors for infant developmental problems, especially the effects of the risks during the language acquisition process. Methods the sample consisted of study of three children who present risks for development, who were observed from 0 to 18 months through the Clinical Risk Indicators in Child Development, and through filmed samples with parents and children interaction. The data analysis considered the enunciative approach by Carmen Silva (2007, 2009) and the psychoanalytic approach. Results by analyzing the three cases, it was possible to evidence that all of them presented difficulties of mother-baby separation, what reflected in the language semantization process, when the number of interlocutors became higher. However, the subjects evidenced the possibility of language semiotic domain, observing the three enunciative mechanisms proposed by Silva (2007). Conclusions the study evidenced that the difficulties of mother-baby separation and the weak entrance of the paternal function have made the position of the children in the language more difficult, because the children are dependant of parents’ speech for their own productions.