The present study describes the development of a questionnaire to assess usual frequency and quantity of food and nutrient intake by people of Japanese descent living in São Paulo, Brazil. Both the food list and appropriate serving sizes for food items from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were selected from a cross-sectional assessment of diet in a random sample of Japanese immigrants living in the city of São Paulo (first- and second-generations, n = 166), aged 45-70 years, using self-administered three-day food records. We used the food records to select food items on the basis of their contribution to total population intake of relevant foods and nutrients. Criteria for grouping separate foods included similarity in nutrient content per usual serving and the importance of a particular food (e.g., typical Japanese foods). Four portion sizes were presented: small, medium, large, and extra-large. We examined the frequency distribution of equivalent-gram weights of each selected food and identified the four serving sizes in the distribution. The quantitative FFQ was designed with 129 food groups and exact frequencies of intake. Instructions for self-reporting and applications of the method for epidemiological use are discussed.