摘要:As relacións entre desigualdade e crecemento económico foron obxecto dun amplo debate con- ceptual e empírico que se prolongou ao longo do tempo sen alcanzar un consenso. O efecto do crecemento sobre a desigualdade foi estudado por Kuznets (1955), cuxa hipótese postula que a desigualdade aumenta inicialmente co crecemento para posteriormente diminuír tras un punto de retorno. Este modelo de U invertido foi estendido por Anand e Kanbur (1993), e o seu contraste empírico conduce a conclusións dispares segundo a información, os indicadores e os métodos empregados. Con respecto ao impacto da desi- gualdade sobre o crecemento, os traballos de Lewis (1954) e Kaldor (1956) defenden a existencia de efectos positivos, mentres que os de Alesina e Rodrick (1994), Persson e Tabellini (1994) ou Deininger e Squire (1998) postulan relacións negativas. Dado que a diversidade de hipóteses e resultados empíricos impide obter conclusións sobre a existencia de círculos viciosos ou virtuosos entre desigualdade e crecemento, neste traballo proporcionamos nova evidencia incorporando á análise a renda nun dobre sentido: como criterio de clasificación de países e, desde unha óptica socioeconómica, distinguindo entre a desigualdade relativa a rendas baixas e altas.
其他摘要:The relationship between income inequality and economic growth has been widely studied, lea- ding to a controversial debate. Regarding the effect of economic growth on inequality, Kuznets’ inverted-U hypothesis (1955) suggests that inequality first rises with growth and then falls after a turning point. This model has been extended by Anand and Kanbur (1993), and its empirical applications have provided a wide variety of results, depending on the statistical information, the indicators and the estimation techniques. With regard to the effects of inequality on growth, on a theoretical basis the relationship could be of any sign and thus the initial works by Lewis (1954) and Kaldor (1956) defend the existence of positive effects while Alesina & Rodrick (1994), Persson & Tabellini (1994), and Deininger & Squire (1998) assume a negative relationship.The diversity of theoretical assumptions and empirical evidence has stimulated the debate without achieving a consensus about the existence of vicious or virtuous circles. In this context the present paper aims to provide new evidence about the growth-inequality relationship, paying attention to the income level in a double sense. First, we introduce a classification of countries according to their income le- vels, and second we distinguish between inequality relating to low and high incomes.
关键词:Crecemento; Desigualdade; Curva de Kuznets; Modelos de panel;Economic growth; Inequality; Kuznets curve; Panel models