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标题：IDENTIDAD NACIONAL Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA DOMINANCIA SOCIAL Y LA TOLERANCIA A LA TRANSGRESIÓN EN RESIDENTES DE BUENOS AIRES (ARGENTINA)
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作者：SANTIAGO MONSEGUR ; AGUSTÍN ESPINOSA ; MAITE BERAMENDI 等
期刊名称：Interdisciplinaria
印刷版ISSN：0325-8203
电子版ISSN：1668-7027
出版年度：2014
卷号：31
期号：1
页码：5-23
语种：Spanish
出版社：Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines
摘要：El objetivo del estudio que se informa fue des cribir y analizar los componentes de la iden- tidad nacional argentina y su relación con la orientación de la dominancia social (ODS) y la tolerancia a la transgresión normativa. Para tal fin, se realizaron encuestas a 170 sujetos que re - sidían en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y el Conurbano Bonaerense (República Argen tina). Los resultados evidencian un grado de identifi- cación medio-alto con la categoría social argen - tino, a la vez que muestran una autoestima colec- tiva medio-alta. Los atributos autoeste reotípicos que conforman la identidad nacional comprenden tres dimensiones: argentino positivo, argentino ne gativo y argentino avivado . Esta última di- men sión fue la que presentó mayor consenso en- tre los participantes, lo que sugiere que la viveza es percibida como una interface entre lo negativo y lo positivo por sus características adaptativas y funcionales. Los resultados muestran además que la ODS se relaciona inversamente con los componentes positivos, y directamente con los com- ponentes negativos de la identidad nacional, lo que lleva a pensar que el ser argentino no nece- sariamente se vincula con el estatus o poder en personas dominantes. Finalmente, en relación con la tolerancia a la transgresión, los niveles de acuerdo con la misma son bajos en la muestra. Las caracterizaciones del argentino negativo y ar- gentino avivado se vinculan con la tolerancia ha- cia ciertos comportamientos transgresores, espe - cialmente con aquellos considerados menos gra- ves y que no perjudican directamente a terceros.
其他摘要：From early beginnings of the last century, the stereotypes and categorizations about the Argentineans where predominantly negative, both for for- eign ers as for Argentineans themselves (D’adamo & García Beaudoux, 1994). This lack of a positive nationalism has been related to the lack of adher- ence to the norm and corruption, as well as to the bias towards the European countries shown by the Argentinean society and its members. This negative social self-concept among Argentineans is not unique in the region, in fact, a study carried out in the 90’s revealed that most of Latin American coun- tries had negative national identities (Salazar, J. M. & Salazar, M.A., 1998). However, more recent studies carried out in countries such as Peru or Mexico suggest that there might be a shift in some aspects of their national identities, from a mainly negative one to a more ambivalent one, with some positive and some negative aspects. Some of these studies also evidenced certain relations between th e national identity and other psychosocial variables such as the social dominance orientation (SDO) and the political ideology. Both high levels of SDO and a right wing political ideology had a negative impact on the different components of the national identity. These results may enlighten the study of the national identity in Argentina, that’s why the aim of this study was to describe and analyze some com- ponents of the Argentinean national identity and their relationship to SDO and tolerance towards transgressive behaviors. To this end, a survey with 170 residents in Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires and its surroundings was carried out. Results showed middle-high levels of identification and col - lective self-esteem related to the Argentinean soci al category. The national self-stereotypes that confor m Argentinean identity were gathered in three dimen- sions: Positive argentine, Negative ar gen tine, an d Crafty argentine. The last dimension was the most consensual among participants, sug gest ing that craftiness is perceived as an interface between the negative and positive self-stereotype dimensions, because of its functionality and adaptability char- acteristics. The results also showed that the SDO was inversely related to the positive dimension, an d directly related to the negative dimension of na- tional identity, which suggests that the Argentine so- cial category is not linked to status or power in dominant people. Finally, scores of tolerance towar d normative transgression were low in the sample. However, negative argentine and crafty argentine dimensions were more tolerant toward transgresso behaviors that could be considered less serious and not harmful to others. The results confirm the nega - tive relation between the SDO and the positive na- tional identity, although the causes of this relati on are yet to be studied. The research also suggests t hat there might be a shift in some of the components an d expressions of the national identity. As well as in other countries of Latin America, this shift is cha r- acterized for its ambivalence between some positive aspects and other negative ones. Perhaps this am- bivalence is best characterized by the craftiness, where the negative aspects of norm transgression and individualism meet the positive aspects of so- cial warmth, adaptability and creativity. As for fu r- ther investigations, it’s important to study how th e different national identities interact with specifi c sce- narios, and how this interaction has an impact on t he individual behavior. Altogether, this kind of resea rch helps to understand the national identity more deeply, and therefore, enlighten us to make a posit ive change in order to develop a healthy social identit y, based on mutual trust and respect.
关键词：Palabras clave; Autoestereotipos argentinos; Identidad nacional; Identidad social ambivalente; Orientación de la dominancia social; Tolerancia a la transgresión;Key words; Ambivalent social identity; Argentine self-stereotypes; National identity; Social dominance orientation; Tolerance transgression