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标题：Geografias e topografias médicas: os primeiros estudos ambientais da cidade concreta
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作者：Angela Lúcia Ferreira de Araújo ; Anna Rachel Baracho Eduardo ; Ana Caroline Dantas de Carvalho Lopes 等
期刊名称：Investigaciones Geográficas (Mx)
印刷版ISSN：0188-4611
出版年度：2003
期号：52
页码：83-98
语种：Portuguese
出版社：Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
摘要：O meio natural e os condicionantes geográficos fundamentaram o pensamento higienista e orientaram médicos, do século XVIII ao início do século XX, no estudo e diagnóstico do espaço urbano. Tais idéias foram sistematizadas em tratados conhecidos como Geografias e Topografias Médicas, que, difundidos pelo mundo, culminaram em descrições precisas do território das cidades, espacializando as doenças e identificando sua natureza, sua evolução e seu tratamento. Este trabalho, além de retomar a origem desses tratados, considerando-os como um dos primeiros estudos "geográficos" do espaço urbano, busca inserir o Brasil e, mais especificamente, a cidade de Natal (região nordeste do Brasil) no contexto dessas análises, destacando a Topographia de Natal e sua Geographia Médica elaborada pelo médico Januário Cicco em 1920.
其他摘要：The changes in industrial-production technological paradigms induce changes in all others aspects of production within important social organization sectors. Furthermore, all this implies important changes in today`s generation of spaces. This work aims to analyze two key phenomena which arise from this process and are related to the social production of space: a new industrial specialization, characterized by a higher spatial deconcentration, which in turn influences the creation of a new mode of organization of the economic activities; and a new way of interrelations between the hegemonic industrial and financial sectors in the national and local states during the development of new spaces. This article, therefore, will discuss some aspects characterizing the changes in production structures, in terms of temporal and spatial effects, as new ways of interrelation between the social sectors within the subnational territory of countries in the economic periphery. Emphasizing the conflicting local-versus-global aspects, we attempt to understand change processes in the productive structure as one of the key aspects in the organization of the space and territory, given that today socioeconomic activities are taking place on new bases. Along with this phenomenon, it is worth stressing that at a local scale, a space of privileged relationships for the definition of the location and installation of projects involves not only actions and analyses, but also the need to assign more importance to the identification of the relationships to be established.
关键词：Geografia médica; topografia médica; higienismo; natal; Brasil. Geografía médica; topografía médica; higienismo; Natal; Brasil. Economic Geography; productio...