文章基本信息

标题：Utilisation du paillage léger et de la haie vive dans la lutte contre l’érosion en zone semi-aride de montagne (Cap-Vert)
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作者：Bernard Smolikowski ; Éric Roose ; Jean-Marie Lopez 等
期刊名称：Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse
印刷版ISSN：1147-7806
电子版ISSN：1777-5922
出版年度：1998
卷号：9
期号：1
页码：13-21
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Authors Bernard Smolikowski , Éric Roose , Jean-Marie Lopez , Michel Querbes , Antono Querido , Oumar Barry PRODAP, INIDA/Ministério da Agricultura/Cap-Vert, PRODAP/Cap-Vert, ORSTOM, Montpellier. Page(s) : 13-21 Published in: 1998 In Godim valley in the semiarid zone of Santiago island (Cape Verde), PRODAP (a community-based project for the development of agriculture and livestock production) has been coordinating an action programme on water and soil conservation management since 1994. Techniques involving light mulching with maize crop residue (1,500 kg DM/ha) and mixed hedges of Leucaena leucocephala, Pennissetum purpureum and Vetiveria planted along contour lines are being tested under controlled conditions on steeply sloping land (50%). This paper focuses on the impacts of these techniques on erosion and soil productivity. Research on the mulching technique is being carried out at various scales with natural rainfall (100 m2, 4 m2) and artificial precipitation (1 m2). The initial cumulated results (1995 and 1996 seasons) revealed that light mulching markedly reduced run-off and erosion : sediment loads were 159-fold higher on conventionally tilled plots as compared to mulched plots ; the runoff coefficients did not differ as markedly but runoff was still 9-fold higher on the conventionally tilled plot. Three years after planting, the erosion-control effects of the mixed hedge were not as spectacular as the results obtained with light mulching, i.e. erosion was 1.5-fold lower than on the control plot and the runoff rate was half as high. Erosion was completely stalled through the combined effect of mixed hedges and mulching. For 2 consecutive years, total biomass production was higher on the plot with mixed hedges as compared to control, with a mean biomass increase of 28% in 1995 and 38% in 1996. On the mulched plots, soil moisture levels were highest throughout the 1995 rainy season (9% production increase in 1995 and 18% in 1996 relative to the plot with live hedges only). In dry years (1996), there was a clear drop in crop production on plots where erosion-control techniques were used as compared to the regional control plot (ranging from 6 to 33%).