文章基本信息

标题：Les sécheresses en Ethiopie et dans l’Est de l’Afrique
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作者：Gérard Beltrando ; Pierre Camberlin
期刊名称：Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse
印刷版ISSN：1147-7806
电子版ISSN：1777-5922
出版年度：1995
卷号：6
期号：1
页码：87-94
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Authors Gérard Beltrando , Pierre Camberlin Université de Paris-VII, 2, place Jussieu, 75251 Paris cedex 05, et Laboratoire de météorologie dynamique du CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91 128 Palaiseau cedex, France, Université de Bourgogne, Centre de recherches de climatologie (URA 909 du CNRS) 6, boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France Page(s) : 87-94 Published in: 1995 During the last two decades, serious droughts have hit Eastern and North-Eastern Africa, causing a large number of deaths in Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia. It is established that most famines coincide with time-persistent rainfall deficiencies, even if human causes should not be underestimated. Though some of these occurred simultaneously with those of the West African Sahel, East African droughts exhibit several pecularities. Historically, at least in Ethiopia, they are understood better than in most intertropical regions. Climatically, the existence of several rainy seasons (small spring rains in parts of Ethiopia, double-peak regimes in Kenya, Tanzania and Somalia) complicates the incidence of drought. The strong sahelian down-ward trend of the recent decades is only reflected in June-September rainfall over the Ethiopian Highlands. Significant connections with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are observed, but the major mechanisms of rainfall variability involve anomalies in the Indian Ocean circulation (Indian summer Monsoon; east-west type circulation), though with a decoupling between Ethiopia and the Somalia-Kenya-Tanzania region.