文章基本信息

标题：Looking for brain anomalies in autism
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作者：Céline Cavézian ; Sylvie Chokron
期刊名称：Revue de Neuropsychologie Neurosciences Cognitives et Cliniques
印刷版ISSN：2101-6739
电子版ISSN：2102-6025
出版年度：2012
卷号：4
期号：1
页码：36-42
DOI：10.1684/nrp.2012.0201
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Authors Céline Cavézian , Sylvie Chokron Unité Fonctionnelle Vision et Cognition, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France, Laboratoire de psychologie de la perception, UMR 8158, CNRS & Université René Descartes, Paris, France Key words: Pervasive Developmental Disorder, brain anatomy, DTI, fcMRI, fMRI DOI : 10.1684/nrp.2012.0201 Page(s) : 36-42 Published in: 2012 In the current review, physiological, structural, and functional data are summarized in an attempt to present the common cerebral anomalies in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Physiologically and structurally, a decreased number of cells (Purkinje cells in the cerebellum), global electrical dysfunction (epileptiform EEGs) and increased white matter are frequently reported, particularly in temporal and parietal regions. Functionally, a redistribution of brain activity is almost always observed. ASD patients exhibited lower recruitment of classical networks typically in associative areas (temporal and parietal regions) and in the frontal lobe. Conjointly, increased activation is observed in areas which typically are not recruited in healthy individuals. In particular, increased activation is seen in homologous regions of the other hemisphere, mainly in the occipital regions. Atypical pattern of activation was reported for language, social cognition, and executive functions. Finally, studies investigating brain connectivity (using fcMRI, DTI, or tractography) compete for the hypothesis of abnormal functional and structural connectivity with decreased long-distance connectivity. Overall, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that ASD is associated with defective brain connectivity and defective modulation of cerebral networks with a redistribution of activation.
关键词：Pervasive Developmental Disorder; brain anatomy; DTI; fcMRI; fMRI