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标题：Estimating environmental health costs: Monetary valuation oftrace pollutants
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作者：Ari Rabl ; Joseph V Spadaro ; Till M Bachmann 等
期刊名称：Environnement, Risques & Santé
印刷版ISSN：1635-0421
电子版ISSN：1952-3398
出版年度：2010
卷号：9
期号：2
页码：136-150
DOI：10.1684/ers.2010.0338
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Figures See all figures Authors Ari Rabl , Joseph V Spadaro , Till M Bachmann ARMINES/École des mines de Paris 60 boul. St.-Michel F-75272 Paris France, European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER) Emmy-Noether-Strasse 11 D-76131 Karlsruhe Allemagne Key words: carcinogens, carcinogens, environmental, dioxins, poisons, neurotoxic impacts, polychlorinated biphenyls, power plants, waste management DOI : 10.1684/ers.2010.0338 Page(s) : 136-50 Published in: 2010 Trace pollutants are pollutants other than the classical air pollutants (PM, NO _x, SO ₂, O ₃ and volatile organic compounds), that are emitted in small quantities but some of which are highly toxic. Of particular concern are the carcinogenic metals As, Cd, Cr and Ni, and the neurotoxic metals Hg and Pb. Among organic trace pollutants the most troubling are the poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and the closely related poly-chlorinated dibenzofurans and poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This paper describes a methodology for estimating their health impacts and damage costs and presents results for two case studies (waste treatment by landfill and incineration, and electricity generation from coal). The uncertainties are also discussed. The paper is largely based on research carried out within the ExternE (External Costs of Energy) project series of the European Commission, because it offers the most systematic assessment of these pollutants.
关键词：carcinogens; carcinogens; environmental; dioxins; poisons; neurotoxic impacts; polychlorinated biphenyls; power plants; waste management