文章基本信息

标题：Placental Adaptations in Growth Restriction
本地全文：下载
作者：Song Zhang
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2015
卷号：7
期号：1
页码：360-389
DOI：10.3390/nu7010360
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：The placenta is the primary interface between the fetus and mother and plays an important role in maintaining fetal development and growth by facilitating the transfer of substrates and participating in modulating the maternal immune response to prevent immunological rejection of the conceptus. The major substrates required for fetal growth include oxygen, glucose, amino acids and fatty acids, and their transport processes depend on morphological characteristics of the placenta, such as placental size, morphology, blood flow and vascularity. Other factors including insulin-like growth factors, apoptosis, autophagy and glucocorticoid exposure also affect placental growth and substrate transport capacity. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is often a consequence of insufficiency, and is associated with a high incidence of perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in later life. Several different experimental methods have been used to induce placental insufficiency and IUGR in animal models and a range of factors that regulate placental growth and substrate transport capacity have been demonstrated. While no model system completely recapitulates human IUGR, these animal models allow us to carefully dissect cellular and molecular mechanisms to improve our understanding and facilitate development of therapeutic interventions.
关键词：placental morphology; vascularity; substrate transport; IUGR placental morphology ; vascularity ; substrate transport ; IUGR