文章基本信息

标题：Understanding How Commensal Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria Regulate Immune Functions in the Large Intestine
本地全文：下载
作者：Eva Maier
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2015
卷号：7
期号：1
页码：45-73
DOI：10.3390/nu7010045
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by trillions of commensal bacteria, most of which are obligate anaerobes residing in the large intestine. Appropriate bacterial colonisation is generally known to be critical for human health. In particular, the development and function of the immune system depends on microbial colonisation, and a regulated cross-talk between commensal bacteria, intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells is required to maintain mucosal immune homeostasis. This homeostasis is disturbed in various inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Several in vitro and in vivo studies indicate a role for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides fragilis, Akkermansia muciniphila and segmented filamentous bacteria in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. These obligate anaerobes are abundant in the healthy intestine but reduced in several inflammatory diseases, suggesting an association with protective effects on human health. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the effects of obligate anaerobic intestinal bacteria remains limited, in part due to the difficulty of co-culturing obligate anaerobes together with oxygen-requiring human epithelial cells. By using novel dual-environment co-culture models, it will be possible to investigate the effects of the unstudied majority of intestinal microorganisms on the human epithelia. This knowledge will provide opportunities for improving human health and reducing the risk of inflammatory diseases.
关键词：intestinal microbiota; intestinal immune homeostasis; obligate anaerobic bacteria; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ; Bacteroides fragilis ; Akkermansia muciniphila ; segmented filamentous bacteria; dual-environment co-culture models intestinal microbiota ; intestinal immune homeostasis ; obligate anaerobic bacteria ; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ; Bacteroides fragilis ; Akkermansia muciniphila ; segmented filamentous bacteria ; dual-environment co-culture models