文章基本信息

标题：EXEMPLAR TRAINING AND A DERIVED TRANSFORMATION OF FUNCTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH SYMMETRY
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作者：Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne ; Barnes-Holmes, Dermot ; Roche, Bryan 等
期刊名称：The Psychological Record
印刷版ISSN：0033-2933
电子版ISSN：2163-3452
出版年度：2001
卷号：51
期号：2
页码：8
出版社：Southern Illinois University Carbondale
摘要：The main purpose of the present study was to determinewhether exemplar training would readily facilitate the transformationof function in accordance with symmetry. Sixteen children, agedbetween 4 and 5 years, were employed across four experiments(i.e., 4 children each in Experiments 1 to 4). In Experiment 1,subjects were first trained to name two actions and two objects bydemonstrating listening, echoic, and tacting behaviors (e.g., hearname -4 pOint to object, hear name -4 say name, see object -4 sayname, respectively). This name training served to establish thateach of the subjects could clearly discriminate the experimentalstimuli. Subjects were then trained in an action-object conditionaldiscrimination using the previously named actions and objects (e.g.,when the experimenter waved, choosing a toy car was reinforced,and when the experimenter clapped, choosing a doll wasreinforced). Subjects were then reexposed to the name training,before exposure to a test for derived object-action symmetryrelations (e.g., experimenter presents toy car -t child. waves andexperimenter presents doll -4 child claps). Across subsequentsessions, a multiple-baseline design was used to introduceexemplar training (i.e., explicit symmetry training) for those subjectswho failed the symmetry test. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1,except that the name retraining (between the conditionaldiscrimination training and symmetry test) was removed. Experiment3 replicated Experiment 1, except that subjects were trained to tactall of the actions and objects during conditional discriminationtraining and symmetry testing. Experiment 4 replicated Experiment1, except that the trained and tested relations were reversed (i.e.,train object-action, test action-object relations). Across the fourexperiments, 13 out of 16 subjects failed to show derived objectaction(Experiments 1-3) or action-object (Experiment 4) symmetryuntil they received explicit symmetry training. Overall, the data areconsistent with Relational Frame Theory.