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标题：ESTIMATING POTENTIAL GAINS TO COOPERATION FOR LIMITED WATER RESOURCES ALONG THE RIO GRANDE
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作者：Wichelns, Dennis ; Nakao, Megumi ; Irarrazabal, Alfonso 等
期刊名称：Journal of Food Distribution Research
印刷版ISSN：0047-245X
出版年度：2001
期号：SUPPL
出版社：Food Distribution Research Society
摘要：We examine the potential gains from cooperation in the withdrawal of water from the Hueco Bolson aquifer that provides a substantial portion of municipal water supplies in El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The aquifer lies beneath the international border, and both cities operate independently regarding pumping rates and annual withdrawals. The natural the rate of recharge has been less than the sum of annual withdrawals since the early 1900s, and the resource likely will be depleted if current pumping rates are maintained. Optimal pumping rates and depths are described using a model that maximizes the sum of net benefits obtained from municipal water supplies in both cities. Those results are compared with pumping rates and depths obtained using a dynamic game-theory model of strategic behavior involving the two cities.
关键词：Hueco Bolson; groundwater; transboundary resources; game theory ; var currentpos;timer; function initialize() { timer=setInterval("scrollwindow()";10);} function sc(){clearInterval(timer); }function scrollwindow() { currentpos=document.body.scrollTop; window.scroll(0;++currentpos); if (currentpos != document.body.scrollTop) sc();} document.onmousedown=scdocument.ondblclick=initialize;Estimating Potential Gains to Cooperation ;For Limited Water Resources Along the Rio Grande ;Introduction ;El Paso; Texas and Ciudad Juarez; in the state of Chihuahua; Mexico are located ;on the Rio Grande River; which forms a portion of the international border between the ;United states and Mexico. Since the early 1900s; most of the surface water flowing in the ;southern Rio Grande has been allocated to agricultural users in both countries. As a ;result; both El Paso and Juarez have relied primarily on groundwater resources to meet ;municipal and industrial water demands. In particular; both cities have obtained large ;portions of their water supply from the Hueco Bolson aquifer; which extends across the ;international border (Day; 1975; 1978; Armstrong; 1982; Earl and Czerniak; 1996). ;Annual withdrawals from the Hueco Bolson have exceeded natural recharge rates ;for many years; causing a persistent decline in the volume of water stored in the aquifer ;(Charbeneau; 1982). Since 1940; water tables have declined by more than 50 feet at ;many of the municipal wellfields serving El Paso and Juarez (Texas Water Development ;Board; 1997). Some authors suggest that the recoverable supply of water in the Hueco ;Bolson will be exhausted at some time between 2005 and 2030; if current pumping rates ;are maintained (Eaton and Andersen; 1987; p. 53; Kuo; 2000; Paso del Norte Water Task ;Force; 2001;). When depletion occurs; the cost of satisfying municipal and industrial ;water demands in the two cities will increase substantially; as replacement supplies must ;be imported from distant aquifers or purchased from farmers willing to sell or lease a ;portion of their surface water supply. ;The cost of maintaining water quality in municipal water supplies also may ;increase with continued drawdown of the Hueco Bolson aquifer. The salinity of water