摘要:In this paper the effect of manure production rights on investment decisions of Dutch pigfarmers is examined. A dynamic optimization model of investment that explicitly takes zeroinvestments into account is augmented by a constraint on production arising from theintroduction of manure production rights. In the theoretical model it is shown that such aconstraint has a reducing effect on investment. The presence of this constraint is tested forusing GMM structural break tests. The results provide evidence for the hypothesis thatmanure production rights have reduced investments through its effect on production.