摘要:T HE year 1836 may mark the beginning of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office, but the explosive growth that transformed it into a national library did not start until after the Civil War. In the late sixties comprehensive collecting was accepted as a policy; despite some lapses in performance it has been accepted in principle ever since. In what follows we suggest some of the main and immediate circumstances that brought the policy into being, describe briefly the results of the policy over the years, and then attempt to say what social needs today sustain it.