文章基本信息

标题：Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment
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作者：Mark R Smith ; Charmane I Eastman
期刊名称：Nature and Science of Sleep
印刷版ISSN：1179-1608
电子版ISSN：1179-1608
出版年度：2012
卷号：4
页码：111-132
DOI：10.2147/NSS.S10372
出版社：Dove Medical Press Ltd
摘要：There are three mechanisms that may contribute to the health, performance, and safety problems associated with night-shift work: (1) circadian misalignment between the internal circadian clock and activities such as work, sleep, and eating, (2) chronic, partial sleep deprivation, and (3) melatonin suppression by light at night. The typical countermeasures, such as caffeine, naps, and melatonin (for its sleep-promoting effect), along with education about sleep and circadian rhythms, are the components of most fatigue risk-management plans. We contend that these, while better than nothing, are not enough because they do not address the underlying cause of the problems, which is circadian misalignment. We explain how to reset (phase-shift) the circadian clock to partially align with the night-work, day-sleep schedule, and thus reduce circadian misalignment while preserving sleep and functioning on days off. This involves controlling light and dark using outdoor light exposure, sunglasses, sleep in the dark, and a little bright light during night work. We present a diagram of a sleep-and-light schedule to reduce circadian misalignment in permanent night work, or a rotation between evenings and nights, and give practical advice on how to implement this type of plan.
关键词：circadian rhythms; night work; bright light; phase-shifting; sleep; melatonin