文章基本信息

标题：Cultural Resilience of Social-ecological Systems in the Nenets and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Russia: A Focus on Reindeer Nomads of the Tundra
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作者：Bruce C. Forbes
期刊名称：Ecology and Society
印刷版ISSN：1708-3087
电子版ISSN：1708-3087
出版年度：2013
卷号：18
期号：4
出版社：The Resilience Alliance
摘要：Empirical data on resilience in social-ecological systems (SESs) are reviewed from local and regional scale casestudies among full-time nomads in the neighboring Nenets and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Russia. The focus is oncritical cultural factors contributing to SES resilience. In particular, this work presents an integrated view of people situated inspecific tundra landscapes that face significantly different prospects for adaptation depending on existing or planned infrastructureassociated with oil and gas development. Factors contributing to general resilience are compared to those that are adapted tocertain spatial and temporal contexts. Environmental factors include ample space and an abundance of resources, such as fishand game (e.g., geese), to augment the diet of not only the migratory herders, but also residents from coastal settlements. Incontrast to other regions, such as the Nenets Okrug, Yamal Nenets households consist of intact nuclear families with highretention among youth in the nomadic tundra population. Accepting attitudes toward exogenous drivers such as climate changeand industrial development appear to play a significant role in how people react to both extreme weather events and piecemealconfiscation or degradation of territory. Consciousness of their role as responsible stewards of the territories they occupy haslikely been a factor in maintaining viable wildlife populations over centuries. Institutions administering reindeer herding haveremained flexible, especially on Yamal, and so accommodate decision-making that is sensitive to herders' needs and timetables.This affects factors such as herd demography, mobility and energetics. Resilience is further facilitated within the existinggovernance regimes by herders' own agency, most recently in the post-Soviet shift to smaller, privately managed herds that canbetter utilize available pastures in a highly dynamic environment experiencing rapid socio-economic, climate and land use change
关键词：Climate change; Hydrocarbon extraction; Nomadism; Rangifer tarandus; Siberia; Stewardship; West Siberian