文章基本信息

标题：The Use of Woodland Products to Cope with Climate Variability in Communal Areas in Zimbabwe
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作者：Lotte S. Woittiez ; Mariana C. Rufino ; Ken E. Giller 等
期刊名称：Ecology and Society
印刷版ISSN：1708-3087
电子版ISSN：1708-3087
出版年度：2013
卷号：18
期号：4
出版社：The Resilience Alliance
摘要：Common lands provide smallholder farmers in Africa with firewood, timber, and feed for livestock, and they areused to complement human diets through the collection of edible nontimber forest products (NTFPs). Farmers have developedcoping mechanisms, which they deploy at times of climatic shocks. We aimed to analyze the importance of NTFPs in times ofdrought and to identify options that could increase the capacity to adapt to climate change. We used participatory techniques,livelihood analysis, observations, and measurements to quantify the use of NTFPs. Communities recognized NTFPs as amechanism to cope with crop failure. We estimated that indigenous fruits contributed to approximately 20% of the energy intakeof wealthier farmers and to approximately 40% of the energy intake of poor farmers in years of inadequate rainfall. Farmersneeded to invest a considerable share of their time to collect wild fruits from deforested areas. They recognized that theeffectiveness of NTFPs as an adaptation option had become threatened by severe deforestation and by illegal harvesting of fruitsby urban traders. Farmers indicated the need to plan future land use to (1) intensify crop production, (2) cultivate trees forfirewood, (3) keep orchards of indigenous fruit trees, and (4) improve the quality of grazing lands. Farmers were willing tocultivate trees and to organize communal conservation of indigenous fruits trees. Through participatory exercises, farmerselaborated maps, which were used during land use discussions. The process led to prioritization of pressing land use problemsand identification of the support needed: fast-growing trees for firewood, inputs for crop production, knowledge on the cultivationof indigenous fruit trees, and clear regulations and compliance with rules for extraction of NTFPs. Important issues that remainto be addressed are best practices for regeneration and conservation, access rules and implementation, and the understandingand management of competing claims on the common lands. Well-managed communal resources can provide a strong tool tomaintain and increase the rural communities' ability to cope with an increasingly variable climate
关键词：adaptation strategies; livelihood analysis; NTFP; resource conservation