The Anglo-Saxon laws in Alfred's day (849-901) legislated for certain horti­cultural disputes. Most significant is the fact that vineyards received special attention; for vineyards entail a degree of skill in gardening which, in my belief, entitles us to assume that where there were vineyards there were orchards, vegetable, and herb gardens. Si quis damnum intulerit alterius vineae vel agro, vel alcui ejus terrae, compenset sicut quis Mud aestivate (Wilkins, “Leges anglo-saxonicaey London 1721”). Such small gardens were much cultivated by the monks and late Saxon England was rich in monasteries for not only was Edward a bigot if not a saint, but even the warlike Harold was a deeply religious man, as witness his Waltham Abbey. As for the Celtic part of these islands during the post-Roman pre-Norman centuries, there is evidence in plenty for orchards and it seems to me improbable that there would be orchards and no other kind of gardens whatever.