文章基本信息

标题：Green Growth Challenges and the Need for an Energy Reform in Mexico
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作者：Carla Valdivia de Richter
期刊名称：Economics Department Working Papers / OECD
印刷版ISSN：0259-4633
出版年度：2013
卷号：2013
DOI：10.1787/5k3wd34pl338-en
出版社：Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
摘要：As Mexico seeks to boost economic growth, pressures on its natural resources and environmental outcomes may intensify, jeopardizing the sustainability of that growth and the well-being of the population. Costs of environmental degradation were estimated at approximately 5% of GDP in 2011, primarily from the health impact of air pollution, while overexploitation of natural resources – such as water – threatens their sustainability. Subsidies and prices do not reflect environmental externalities or cost of providing natural resources, including scarcity costs. They result in poor environmental outcomes, represent a heavy burden on the government budget and, contrary to their original objective, have not efficiently tackled poverty and inequality. Such subsidies should be gradually removed. In the energy sector, reforms are needed in order to allow the state-owned oil company PEMEX to become more efficient operationally and environmentally, and to better provide fiscal revenues.
关键词：energy; climate change; water sustainability; green growth; Mexico