文章基本信息

标题：Weaknesses in Japan’s Postwar Politics
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作者：Reiko Oyama ; Tomoki Takeda
期刊名称：Japanese Studies Programme Papers
出版年度：2010
出版社：Suntory Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines
摘要：OYAMA: Discusses Japan’s political immobilism caused by lack of strong ministerial leadership and failure of reform initiatives. Attributes it to the power of factions within political parties which reforms have failed to break and the dominance of the bureaucracy. Paper surveys the two decades since 1993 when the LDP monopoly first broke down and specially the Koizumi years (2001-6). It traces the difficulties of institutional change back to the constitution formulated during Allied occupation of Japan (1945-52) and discusses how far Japan follows, and can aspire to, a two-party system on a Westminster model. TAKEDA: Discusses the system of government inaugurated in 1955 and the way in which it has been changed over the years, quoting earlier authors. This has tended to be a ‘state-party cartel’ whereby Japan’s rapid economic growth was fostered by the alliance between the LDP, the bureaucracy and big business. After failure of Socialist party, parties had to resort to coalition politics in order to achieve united opposition.
关键词：Bureaucracy; political factions; electoral reform; party finance; Britannicization of;Japan; constitution of 1947; ‘the 1955 system’; pre-legislation scrutiny; Koizumi;reforms; anglophile politics of DPJ; absence of leadership; coalition government;political immobility; one-party domination; ‘catch-all party’; failure of united;opposition