We study Locally Testable Codes (LTCs) that can be tested by making two queries to the tested word using an affine test. That is, we consider LTCs over a finite field F, with codeword testers that only use tests of the form avi+bvj=c, where v is the tested word and a,b,c are in F.

We show that such LTCs, with high minimal distance, must be of constant size. Specifically, we show that every 2-query LTC with affine tests over F, that has minimal distance at least 9/10, completeness at least 1−, and soundness at most 1−3, is of size at most |F|.

Our main motivation in studying LTCs with affine tests is the Unique Games Conjecture (UGC), and the close connection between LTCs and PCPs. We mention that all known PCP constructions use LTCs with corresponding properties as building blocks, and that many of the LTCs used in PCP constructions are affine. Furthermore, the UGC was shown to be equivalent to the UGC with affine tests [KKMO07], thus the UGC implies the existence of a low-error 2-query PCP with affine tests.