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标题：Immunostimulatory activity of lifespan-extending agents
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作者：José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro ; Laura Senovilla
期刊名称：Aging
出版年度：2013
卷号：5
期号：11
页码：793-801
出版社：U.S.Department of Health & Human Service
摘要：During. the.past. two. decades,. several. interventions. have. been. shown. to.increase. the. healthy. lifespan.of.modelorganisms. as. evolutionarily. distant. from. each. other. as. yeast,. worms,. flies. and. mammals.. These. anti©\aging. maneuversinclude. (but. are. not. limited. to). cycles. of. caloric. restriction,. physical. exercise. as. well. as. the. administration. of. multiple,chemically.unrelated.agents,.such.as.resveratrol,.spermidine.and.various.rapamycin©\like.compounds.collectively.known.asrapalogs.. Most,. if. not. all,. lifespan©\extending. agents. promote. macroautophagy. (hereafter. referred. to. as. autophagy),. anevolutionarily.old. mechanism. that. contributes. to.the.maintenance. of. intracellular.homeostasis. and.plays.a.critical.role.inthe.adaptive.response.of.cells.to.stress..In.line.with.this.notion,.the.activation.of.autophagy.appears.to.mediate.significantanti©\ageing. effects. in. several.organisms,. including. mice.. Here,. we.focus.on.rapalogs. to. discuss. the.possibility. that. part. ofthe. beneficial. activity. of. lifespan©\extending. agents. stems. from. their. ability. to. exert. immunostimulatory. effects.Accumulating.evidence.indicates.indeed.that.the.immune.system.can.recognize.and.eliminate.not.only.cells.that.are.proneto.undergo. malignant. transformation,.but. also.senescent. cells,.thus.playing.a.significant.role. in. the. control.of.organismalaging..In.addition,.it.has.recently.become.clear.that.rapamycin.and.other.rapalogs,.which.for.a.long.time.have.been.viewed(and.used. in. the.clinic).as. pure. immunosuppressants,. can. mediate. robust. immunostimulatory. functions,.at. least. in. somecircumstances