摘要:This is the fifth annual report of the National Mycobacterial Surveillance System (NMSS), for newand relapsed cases of tuberculosis notified to State and Territory health authorities in 1995. Cas esof atypical mycobacterial infection notified to the scheme are also briefly summarised. Thenotification rate for new cases of tuberculosis was 5.47 per 100,000 population, and for relapsedcases 0.28 per 100,000. These rates have remained stable for a number of years in Australia, andare low compared with rates in other countries. Some identifiable groups in the Australiancommunity continue to experience higher rates of tuberculosis, including members of indigenouscommunities and some groups born overseas. Surveillance through the NMSS has a major role toplay in the control of tuberculosis