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标题：Demonstration Restoration Measures in Tributaries of the Vindel River Catchment
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作者：Johanna Gardeström ; Daniel Holmqvist ; Lina E. Polvi 等
期刊名称：Ecology and Society
印刷版ISSN：1708-3087
电子版ISSN：1708-3087
出版年度：2013
卷号：18
期号：3
出版社：The Resilience Alliance
摘要：Some ecological restoration projects include elements of trial and error where new measures are repeatedly tried,evaluated, and modified until satisfactory results are achieved. Thereafter, the resulting methods may be applied on larger scales.A difficult step is judging whether developed "best-practice" methods have become reasonably ecologically functional or whetherfurther experimentation "demonstration" methods can lead to yet better results. Here, we use a stream restoration project as acase study for evaluating methods and abiotic effects and outlining stakeholder support for demonstration restoration measures,rather than only using best-practice methods. Our work was located in the Vindel River system, a free-flowing river that is partof the Natura 2000 network. The river was exploited for timber floating from 1850–1976, and rapids in the main channel andtributaries below timberline were channelized to increase timber transport capacity. Several side channels in multi-channeledrapids were blocked and the flow was concentrated to a single channel from which boulders and large wood were removed.Hence, previously heterogeneous environments were replaced by more homogeneous systems with limited habitat for riverinespecies. The restoration project strives to alleviate the effects of fragmentation and channelization in affected rapids by returningcoarse sediment from channel margins to the main channel. However, only smaller, angular sediment is available given blastingof large boulders, and large (old-growth) wood is largely absent; therefore, original levels of large boulders and large wood inchannels cannot be achieved with standard restoration practices. In 10 demonstration sites, we compensated for this by addinglarge boulders and large wood (i.e., entire trees) from adjacent upland areas to previously best-practice restored reaches andcompared their hydraulic characteristics with 10 other best-practice sites. The demonstration sites exhibited significantly reducedand more variable current velocities, and wider channels, but with less variation than pre-restoration. The ecological responseto this restoration has not yet been studied, but potential outcomes are discussed
关键词：boulders; large wood; northern Sweden; restoration; river; stream; timber floating