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标题：Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Fisheries Management in the Torres Strait, Australia: the Catalytic Role of Turtles and Dugong as Cultural Keystone Species
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作者：James R. A. Butler ; Alifereti Tawake ; Tim Skewes 等
期刊名称：Ecology and Society
印刷版ISSN：1708-3087
电子版ISSN：1708-3087
出版年度：2012
卷号：17
期号：4
出版社：The Resilience Alliance
摘要：In many developing regions of Melanesia, fishers' traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has been integratedwith western science and management knowledge (SMK) to generate innovative and effective fisheries management. Previousresearch suggests that three factors initiate this process: depleted fishery stocks, limited SMK, and ownership of resources bylocal communities. In other contexts the extent of power-sharing through comanagement, and the cultural significance of speciesmay also be important determinants of knowledge integration. Here we assess the role of these factors in the application of TEKin the Torres Strait Islands, Australia, where commercial and subsistence fisheries are fundamental to the Indigenous Melanesianculture and livelihoods. In 2009 we surveyed fishery managers and scientists who revealed that TEK had only been recentlyand sparingly applied in four fisheries (turtle, dugong, lobster, and hand collectables), and only two of the seven species concernedhad a combination of depleted stocks, low SMK, and high community ownership. Instead, comanagement characteristics andthe cultural value of species were the primary determinants of TEK application. We suggest that turtles and dugong are culturalkeystone species that simultaneously provide important ecosystem services to both islanders' livelihoods and internationalconservation interests. Combined with their ecological scale these species have catalyzed comanagement between indigenousand government stakeholders, precipitating the application of TEK in other fisheries of lesser cultural importance. We discussmodifications to governance required to enable knowledge integration to evolve further through adaptive comanagement, andits role in enhancing fisheries management and thus the resilience of the Torres Strait social-ecological system. Our studyhighlights the potential utility of cultural keystone species in stimulating cross-cultural resource governance in developedeconomies such as Australia
关键词：adaptive comanagement; climate change; ecosystem services; dugong; governance; livelihoods; Melanesia; Papua;New Guinea; resilience; subsistence fisheries; traditional ecological knowledge: turtles