文章基本信息

标题：Social-Ecological Scale Mismatches and the Collapse of the Sea Urchin Fishery in Maine, USA
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作者：Teresa R. Johnson ; James A. Wilson ; Caitlin Cleaver 等
期刊名称：Ecology and Society
印刷版ISSN：1708-3087
电子版ISSN：1708-3087
出版年度：2012
卷号：17
期号：2
出版社：The Resilience Alliance
摘要：Scale mismatches result in incomplete or ambiguous feedback that impairs the ability to learn and adapt and,ultimately, to sustain natural resources. Our aim is to examine the sea urchin fishery in Maine, USA to better understand themultiscale, social, and biophysical conditions that are important for the design of institutions that might be able to sustain theresource. During the late 1980s and 1990s, the Maine sea urchin fishery was a classic gold rush fishery. In the beginning, thefishery was characterized by an abundant resource with little to no harvesting activity, followed by a period of rapid increasein landings and effort that led to a subsequent and persistent decline in the sea urchin population and a significant reduction ineffort. We conducted semistructured interviews with scientists and experienced fishermen to understand the multiscale, social,and biophysical conditions that influence fishermen's harvesting strategies, and the implications of this for the design ofinstitutions for successful resource management. The current co-management system includes an advisory body made up ofindustry members and scientists it also includes limited entry, and additional input control mechanisms. Many of these measuresare implemented at a very broad scale; however, we find that the ecological conditions relevant to the sustainable processesoccur at the scale of individual fishing sites or ledges, which is a much finer scale than current management. Therefore, the co-management system maintains an open access system and leaves few incentives for the development of sustainable harvestingstrategies among fishermen. The clear suggestion is that the appropriate management system would be one that directly addressesthe fine scale ecological and social dynamics within this fishery and gives fishermen property rights over individual ledges (forexample, leases). After having briefly reviewed experiences in Canada and Chile, we found that knowledge of the couplednatural and human system at the fine scale is necessary if we are to assess the feasibility of area management in this fishery,because what works in one fishery does not necessarily work in another
关键词：collective action; co-management; fisheries management; kelp; Maine; USA; ocean fisheries; scale mismatches;sea urchin fishery