文章基本信息

标题：Evaluating Today's Landscape Multifunctionality and Providing an Alternative Future: A Normative Scenario Approach
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作者：Rainer Waldhardt ; Martin Bach ; René Borresch 等
期刊名称：Ecology and Society
印刷版ISSN：1708-3087
电子版ISSN：1708-3087
出版年度：2010
卷号：15
期号：3
出版社：The Resilience Alliance
摘要：Intensive agriculture has had multiple negative effects on the environment across large areasof Europe, including a decrease in the degree to which these landscapes serve multiple functions. Aquantitative evaluation of the deficits in landscape multifunctionality is difficult, however, for a givenlandscape as long as "multifunctional reference landscapes" are lacking. We present an interdisciplinarynormative scenario approach to overcome this obstacle. Given the example of the lower Wetter-catchmentin the Wetterau region (Hesse, Germany), we compare the existing landscape with an expert-generatedmultifunctional landscape scenario that may also serve as an alternative future. This approach may inspirepolicy makers and land users by providing a methodology for the design of alternative multifunctionalfutures in five steps: (1) documentation of today's landscape structure and land use at the scale of uniformlymanaged land units; (2) detection of functional deficits of today's landscape considering environmental(soil contamination, groundwater production, water quality, biodiversity), economic (land rent), and societal(landscape perception by its population) attributes; (3) compilation of a catalogue of alternative land uses(including linear landscape elements) suitable to minimize the detected functional deficits; (4) rule-basedmodification of today's land-use pattern into a normative scenario; and (5) comparison of today's landscapeand the normative scenario by applying the model network ITE2M. Results highlight a strongly unbalancedallocation of private and public goods in today's landscape with severe deficits in environmental and societallandscape features, but a significantly higher land rent. The designed multifunctional scenario, instead,may be preferred by the local population, and their willingness to pay for multifunctionality could potentiallycompensate calculated opportunity costs. Hence, the generated landscape scenario may be regarded as analternative, multifunctional future
关键词：agriculture; ecosystem services; Germany; modeling; sustainability