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标题：Reducing Moose–Vehicle Collisions through Salt Pool Removal and Displacement: an Agent-Based Modeling Approach
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作者：Paul D. Grosman ; Jochen A. G. Jaeger ; Pascale M. Biron 等
期刊名称：Ecology and Society
印刷版ISSN：1708-3087
电子版ISSN：1708-3087
出版年度：2009
卷号：14
期号：2
出版社：The Resilience Alliance
摘要：Between 1990 and 2002, more than 200 moose–vehicle collisions occurred each year inQuebec, including about 50/yr in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. One cause is the presence of roadsidesalt pools that attract moose near roads in the spring and summer. Using the computer simulation techniqueof agent-based modeling, this study investigated whether salt pool removal and displacement, i.e., acompensatory salt pool set up 100 to 1500 m away from the road shoulder, would reduce the number ofmoose–vehicle collisions. Moose road crossings were used as a proxy measure. A GPS telemetry data setconsisting of approximately 200,000 locations of 47 moose over 2 yr in the Laurentides Wildlife Reservewas used as an empirical basis for the model. Twelve moose were selected from this data set and programmedin the model to forage and travel in the study area. Five parameters with an additional application ofstochasticity were used to determine moose movement between forest polygons. These included foodquality; cover quality, i.e., protection from predators and thermal stress; proximity to salt pools; proximityto water; and slope. There was a significant reduction in road crossings when either all or two thirds of theroadside salt pools were removed, with and/or without salt pool displacement. With 100% salt pool removal,the reduction was greater (49%) without compensatory salt pools than with them (18%). When two thirdsof the salt pools were removed, the reduction was the same with and without compensatory salt pools(16%). Although moose–vehicle collisions are not a significant mortality factor for the moose populationin the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in areas with higher road densities, hunting pressure, and/or predatordensities it could mean the difference between a stable and a declining population, and salt pool removalcould be part of a good mitigation plan to halt population declines. This model can be used, withimprovements such as spatial memory of salt pool locations and the addition of a road avoidance behavior,to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures intended to reduce moose–vehicle collisions
关键词：agent-based modeling; Alces alces; moose; Laurentides Wildlife Reserve; Quebec; roads; road;mortality; salt pools; wildlife–vehicle collisions