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标题：Expansions and Contractions: World-Historical Change And The Western Sudan World-System (1200/1000 B.C. – 1200/1250 A.D.)
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作者：Ray A. Kea
期刊名称：Journal of World-Systems Research
电子版ISSN：1076-156X
出版年度：2004
卷号：10
期号：3
出版社：American Sociological Association Section on Political Economy of the World System
摘要：Archaeolog ical evidence from West Af rica suggests a process of relatively autochthonou s state formation involving unusua l forms of urbaniz ation, horse war-rior ar istocracies, craft status groups and commodif ied trade networks organized by merchant-scholars. The emergence of a West Af rican state system played a generative role in the world-historical development of u niversal rationa lity in Western Afroeurasia, as well as in the intensification of empire formation and monetary integration in the formative era before the rise of European hegemony