摘要:This article examines the debates surrounding Theodore Parker's controversial theology as a case study for three purposes. First, it seeks to engage how Christianity's boundaries were challenged within the "spiritual hothouse" of the early republic. Second, it exploreshow personal and religious identities were constructedduring nineteenth century America. And third, it arguesthat while the late-antebellum period has been characterized as an era of individualism and innovation, validation and legitimacy¨Cespecially in the religious market¨Cstill hinged on the ability to tether oneself to traditional categories, especially the important, if ambiguous, title of "Christian."Together, thepaper explores the tensions of identity construction in the tumultuous atmosphere of nineteenth century Christianity