文章基本信息

标题：The 18th Constitutional Amendment: Glue or Solvent for Nation Building and Citizenship in Pakistan?
本地全文：下载
作者：Anwar Shah
期刊名称：The Lahore Journal of Economics
印刷版ISSN：1811-5438
电子版ISSN：1811-5446
出版年度：2012
卷号：17
期号：SE
页码：387-424
出版社：Lahore School of Economics
摘要：The almost unanimous passage of a landmark consensus constitutional amendment—the 18thConstitutional Amendment—restored Pakistan's constitution to its original intent of a decentralized federation of provinces as envisaged in the 1956 (two provinces) and 1973 (four provinces) constitutions. This article takes a closer look at the provisions of this amendment and highlights both the potentials and pitfalls of the new constitutional order for good governance in Pakistan. It argues that the amendment represents a step forward but encompasses several missteps in creating a harmonious political and economic union. The 18thAmendment has reinforced an outmoded "pot-belly" model (federalism of provinces) whereas an "hourglass" (federalism of local governments) model is more suited to Pakistan's circumstances. Major fundamental reforms are needed that right-size the federal and provincial governments, strengthen local governance, enforce fiscal discipline and citizen-based accountability for service delivery performance on all orders of government, dismantle provincial barriers to factor mobility and internal trade, and restrain beggar-thy-neighbor policies and unaccountable governance by "empowered provinces" to mitigate the unintended adverse consequences of the 18thamendment for nation building and citizenship in Pakistan
关键词：Governance; fiscal federalism; decentralization; state and ;local governance; nation and province-building; ;constitutional division of powers; intergovernmental fiscal ;relations