This paper is prepared to indicate the core concepts of commercialization. The study scrutinized the commercialization literature firstly and recognized 31 effective factors by means of content analysis. Then, the recognized factors were categorized in the five main groups which include: research-oriented, industry-oriented, government, technology parks and growth centers, and environmental factors. Based on the recognized factors, a conceptual model has designed and for examining the model, we have conducted a questionnaire. Moreover, we defined a heuristic methodology in order to pilot the conceptual model. We found that the government is the most effective factor in commercialization process. The study provides some possible solutions for these questions: what is the role of government in commercialization process? How does government must be involved in commercialization? In addition, how can government play a role in the commercialization process?