文章基本信息

标题：Predictors and Variability of Urinary Paraben Concentrations in Men and Women, Including before and during Pregnancy
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作者：Kristen W. Smith ; Joe M. Braun ; Paige L. Williams 等
期刊名称：Environmental Health Perspectives
印刷版ISSN：0091-6765
电子版ISSN：1552-9924
出版年度：2012
卷号：120
期号：11
页码：1538-1543
DOI：10.1289/ehp.1104614
出版社：OCR Subscription Services Inc
摘要：Ba c k g r o u n d: Parabens are suspected endocrine disruptors and ubiquitous preservatives used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foods. No studies have assessed the variability of para-bens in women, including during pregnancy.oB j e c t i v e: We evaluated predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations.Me t h o d s: We measured urinary concentrations of methyl (MP), propyl (PP), and butyl paraben (BP) among couples from a fertility center. Mixed-effects regression models were fit to examine demo-graphic predictors of paraben concentrations and to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).re s u l t s: Between 2005 and 2010, we collected 2,721 spot urine samples from 245 men and 408 women. The median concentrations were 112 μg/L (MP), 24.2 μg/L (PP), and 0.70 μg/L (BP). Urinary MP and PP concentrations were 4.6 and 7.8 times higher in women than men, respectively, and concentrations of both MP and PP were 3.8 times higher in African Americans than Caucasians. MP and PP concentrations we CI re slightly more variable in women (ICC = 0.42, 0.43) than men (ICC = 0.54, 0.51), and were weakly correlated between partners (r = 0.27–0.32). Among 129 preg-nant women, urinary paraben concentrations were 25–45% lower during pregnancy than before pregnancy, and MP and PP concentrations were more variable (ICCs of 0.38 and 0.36 compared with 0.46 and 0.44, respectively).co n c l u s i o n s: Urinary paraben concentrations were more variable in women compared with men, and during pregnancy compared with before pregnancy. However, results for this study population suggest that a single urine sample may reasonably represent an individual's exposure over several months, and that a single sample collected during pregnancy may reasonably classify gestational exposure
关键词：biomarker; exposure science; female; male; parabens; partners; predictors; pregnancy; ;variability.