文章基本信息

标题：Is There an Instructional Framework for 21st Century Learning?
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作者：Shu-Shing Lee ; David Hung
期刊名称：Creative Education
印刷版ISSN：2151-4755
电子版ISSN：2151-4771
出版年度：2012
卷号：3
期号：4
页码：461-470
DOI：10.4236/ce.2012.34071
出版社：Scientific Research Publishing
摘要：The current schooling system is great in leveling up students’ literacy but it does not develop flexible understandings of concepts. We recognize that traditional instructional science model at best develop students’ attitudes, skills, and knowledge (A-S-K). We propose an instructional framework for developing dispositions, attitudes, skills, and knowledge (D-A-S-K) that embraces five zones of learning: 1) zone of instruction, 2) zone of practice, 3) zone of interaction, 4) zone of tinkering, and 5) zone of meta-cognition. The proposed framework stresses that flexible learning is about the interplay between tacit and explicit knowledge. 21^st century learning is about dialectical interactions between theory and practice, individuals and communities, formal and informal learning, learners and meta-cognitive brokers. The paper focuses on conceptually constructing an instructional framework for 21^st century learning. We are not suggesting that our proposed framework is the only possible instructional model for the 21^st century. Rather, we hope that our proposed framework invokes further discussions to examine other models for 21^st century teaching and learning. Future work is needed to implement and examine the proposed framework for practical implications.
关键词：Instructional-Learning Framework; Disposition Development; Tacit-Explicit Knowledge Interactions; Formal-Informal Learning; Meta-Cognitive Brokering