文章基本信息

标题：Leveling the Playing Field: A Look at Special Education and Standardized Testing
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作者：Margaret Jones ; Barbara Selland ; Sharon Geiszler 等
期刊名称：JEP : eJournal of Education Policy
电子版ISSN：2158-9232
出版年度：2000
出版社：Northern Arizona University
摘要：Reading Recovery is a one-to-one early literacy intervention for first graders performing in the lowest quartile. The Reading Recovery teacher participates in a rigorous year of training with numerous observations and multiple lesson presentations behind one-way glass. Students' reading improves in a short amount of time. Marie Clay (1991; 1993a; 1993b) is the author of this New Zealand originated program and author of three texts whose research based approaches and techniques are constantly referred to and used as a guide to instruction. This paper identifies four positive aspects of this reading program. Reading Recovery teachers quickly learn the value of this one-to-one approach to teaching. Five day weeks, thirty minutes per lesson for twenty weeks follow a six part observation survey of the child's present literacy knowledge. The first two weeks are devoted to "roaming around the known", where the teacher spends time reinforcing known letters, sounds, and concepts of print. "Roaming around the known" provides time for teacher and student to develop trust and to cultivate an attitude of risk taking initiative without the fear of failure hindering their attempts. Instruction commences after a full 10 days of roaming. Every lesson involves readings of familiar text, a "running record", magnetic letter work, "making and breaking", journal writing, and an introduction to a new book. Running records provide the teacher insight into the strategies that the child has adopted in decoding. Three categories are scrutinized when reviewing a running record: Meaning, Syntax (Structure) and Visual. These areas provide insight into the thought processes of the reader and are translated into specific teaching points for later lessons. The last running record of each week is recorded and graphed for projected progress.