The article discuss the constitutional dilemma of choosing a bicameral or a unicameral structure for the Romanian Parliament. For a long time, the bicameral design of Romanian Parliament has been criticized as beeing redundant, inefficient, and cumbersome. The 2003 constitutional revision brought some functional changes but the essence of the problem remained unresolved: both senators and deputies are elected on the basis of the same electoral system, by the same citizens, for the same time period, and they represent the same population. These specific bicameral features make the Romanian Parliament structure unique amoung the parliaments of the other states of the European Union. Moreover, the President of Romania recently called a referendum to ask the citizens wheater or not they agree with a unicameral Parliament and with the reduction of the number of MPs to maximum 300.