文章基本信息

标题：Replication: A Design Principle for Field Research
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作者：William D. Schafer
期刊名称：Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation
印刷版ISSN：1531-7714
电子版ISSN：1531-7714
出版年度：2001
卷号：7
出版社：ERIC: Clearinghouse On Assessment and Evaluation
摘要：This article suggests the routine use of replications in field studies. Since replications are generally independent, it is usually possible to synthesize them quantitatively using meta-analysis, a technique heretofore associated primarily with amalgamating prior work. It is argued that the use of replication as a feature in data collection and quantitative synthesis for data analysis is especially attractive for those investigators whose research paradigm choices are limited because they are working in field environments. Two examples are described briefly.
Control of extraneous variables is a fundamental condition to causal interpretations of research (Johnson, 2001). Randomization of participants to treatment conditions has long been considered a powerful method of control, so much so that this is the distinguishing characteristic between true experimental and other types of research (Campbell & Stanley, 1963). When a researcher uses randomization, it is clear that the basis upon which participants receive treatment conditions is unrelated except by chance to any variable that can be confounded with the treatments.