文章基本信息

标题：IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON WATER RESOURCES IN AFRICA WITH EMPHASIS ON GROUNDWATER
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作者：Samir Al-Gamal ; Abdel-Kader Dodo
期刊名称：Journal of Environmental Hydrology (ältere Jahrgänge)
印刷版ISSN：1058-3912
电子版ISSN：1996-7918
出版年度：2009
卷号：17
出版社：IAEH
摘要：Climate change is likely to impact groundwater resources, either directly, e.g. via changing precipitation patterns, or indirectly, e.g. through the interaction of changing precipitation patterns with changing land-use practices and water demand. These changes may affect both groundwater quantity and quality. Climate change will affect groundwater recharge rates and groundwater levels. Any decrease in groundwater recharge will exacerbate the effect of sea-level rise in coastal areas. In inland aquifers, a decrease in groundwater recharge can lead to saltwater intrusion from underlying saline aquifers, and increased evapotranspiration in semi-arid and arid regions may lead to the salinization of shallow aquifers. In Africa, climate change and variability have the potential to impose additional pressures on water availability, water accessibility and water demand. A 1�C increase in temperature could change runoff by 10%, assuming that precipitation levels remain constant. If such an annual decrease in runoff were to occur, the impacts could be equivalent to the loss of one large dam per year in a given watershed. Temperature and precipitation in the African Sahel are negatively correlated - seasonal warming was accompanied by late 20th century drying.