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标题：SEASONAL EFFECT ON THE ISOTOPIC PATTERN OF RAINWATER IN LEBANON
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作者：Zeinab Saad ; V�ronique Kazpard
期刊名称：Journal of Environmental Hydrology (ältere Jahrgänge)
印刷版ISSN：1058-3912
电子版ISSN：1996-7918
出版年度：2007
卷号：15
出版社：IAEH
摘要：Rainwater chemistry and isotopic parameters were studied over a four year period at representative coastal and highland sites in Lebanon. Major inorganic ion composition showed that calcium and sulfate in rainwater had a crustal origin, while potassium, sodium and chlorine had a marine sea spray origin. All rain samples had an average pH varying between 5.6 and 6.8, showing that precipitation tends to be alkaline. Environmental isotopes provide a local meteoric water line in Lebanon that is close to the Mediterranean line, showing that local precipitation is affected by the humid Mediterranean climate. Isotopic characterization of rainwater showed a depletion in both d¹⁸O and dD values in highland stations compared to coastal stations. Season, temperature and rainfall amount strongly influence the depletion in isotopic parameters at continental stations. An evaporative enrichment in rainwater occurs during warm months (November) when rain amounts are small. The seasonal effect is pronounced in both coastal and continental sites in December and January. Tritium data of monthly precipitation from all sites within Lebanon show that there are no significant differences in seasonal effect between stations.