摘要:The purpose of this article is to investigate the causality relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth on long run and short run in the West of Europe countries in the period 1995-2010. Pedroni (2000) test reveals that there is a long run relationship between our variables and Hausman (1978) test shows that we should apply fixed effects model. The results for causality test show that there is a bidirectional relationship in long run and short run between economic growth and renewable energy consumption. Therefore, these countries can replace this energy instead of oil for decreasing of dependence at abroad.
关键词:energy consumption; renewable energy; West of Europe; economic growth; panel data