文章基本信息

标题：Ethnology and/or (socio)cultural anthropology
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作者：Čapo Žmegač, Jasna
期刊名称：Studia ethnologica Croatica
印刷版ISSN：1330-3627
出版年度：1994
卷号：5
期号：1
页码：11-25
出版社：Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb
摘要：In various parts of the world we encounter different names for the science which has culture of human populations for its subject matter: ethnology (Europe), (socio)cultural anthropology (U.S.A.), social anthropology (Great Britain), Volkskunde and Völkerkunde (Germany), demology and ethnology (Italy), etc. These differences are conditioned by different conceptualizations of the science in its formative days, by differences in the institutionalization of science in general in particular countries, and by differences in social and political context in which the science of culture was developing. Once established, the terminology has become conventional and did not follow the century-long development of the discipline. The author proposes to present these differences to Croatian ethnologists. At the same time she discusses the name and content of the science of culture in Croatia. The author first traces the fourfold division of anthropology in the United States where it consists of physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and cultural anthropology (sometimes called ethnology). Then she presents the British tradition which is easily recognized by the name it has given its science - social anthropology. British social anthropologists usually distinguish social anthropology (studies contemporary social institutions) from ethnology (studies the history of peoples). Then the roots of the fourfold division of anthropology in the United States are discussed and the relevance of physical anthropology, archaeology and linguistics for the historically oriented ethnology/cultural anthropology is established. The author also briefly discusses differences between social and cultural anthropology and presents the European situation. The predominantly cultural-historical orientation of European ethnology has in the late sixties given place to a modern European ethnology, sometimes also called cultural anthropology. This development is traced on the example of German ethnology.
关键词：ethnology; social (cultural) anthropology; science of culture