In this paper is presented the development of relations and links between Belgrade and countries in a closer and wider regional surrounding. Noted is that the main directions of communication in the Balkans are shaped in the ancient time and that now, in a somewhat modified conditions, they remained the same, on the basis of which Belgrade during its long history has an important strategic, defensive, economic, trading, military and other development significance in the region. Also is highlighted a role of the current domestic and European initiatives and plans in the relations of Belgrade with the countries in the region after the Second World War, with emphasis on the present state and development perspectives.