文章基本信息

标题：Invariant Image Watermarking Using Accurate Zernike Moments
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作者：Ismail, Ismail A. ; Shouman, Mohamed A. ; Hosny, Khalid M. 等
期刊名称：Journal of Computer Science
印刷版ISSN：1549-3636
出版年度：2010
卷号：6
期号：1
页码：52-59
DOI：10.3844/jcssp.2010.52.59
出版社：Science Publications
摘要：Problem statement: Digital image watermarking is the most popular method for image authentication, copyright protection and content description. Zernike moments are the most widely used moments in image processing and pattern recognition. The magnitudes of Zernike moments are rotation invariant so they can be used just as a watermark signal or be further modified to carry embedded data. The computed Zernike moments in Cartesian coordinate are not accurate due to geometrical and numerical error. Approach: In this study, we employed a robust image-watermarking algorithm using accurate Zernike moments. These moments are computed in polar coordinate, where both approximation and geometric errors are removed. Accurate Zernike moments are used in image watermarking and proved to be robust against different kind of geometric attacks. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using standard images. Results: Experimental results show that, accurate Zernike moments achieve higher degree of robustness than those approximated ones against rotation, scaling, flipping, JPEG compression and affine transformation. Conclusion: By computing accurate Zernike moments, the embedded bits watermark can be extracted at low error rate.
关键词：Zernike moments; polar coordinates; invariant watermarking; geometric attacks