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标题：Cancer risk factors in Poland: the PONS Study
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作者：Pål Romundstad ; Imre Janszky ; Lars Vatten 等
期刊名称：Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
印刷版ISSN：1232-1966
电子版ISSN：1898-2263
出版年度：2011
卷号：18
期号：02
页码：251-254
出版社：Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin
摘要：Introduction: The burden of cancer in Eastern Europe is expected to increase, and in 2006, Polish males were ranked second in lifetime risk of lung cancer. The Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS) is a population study in the Kielce District, and the presented study describes the distribution of preventable causes of cancer according to gender, age, education, and urban/rural status. Methods: PONS comprises individuals 45-64 years of age at baseline. A structured lifestyle interview was conducted, and the following risk factors were recorded: smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity. Binomial regression analysis was used to estimate age and gender adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for the associated factors. Results: A total of 3,862 adults were included in the analysis. Approximately 17% reported current tobacco smoking on a daily basis, 34% were former smokers, and 49% were non- smokers. Current smoking was more prevalent in males (20%) than females (15%), but there was no clear association with educational level or urban/rural status. Females also reported a lower frequency of alcohol consumption than males. Among males, 15% reported drinking alcohol more than once a week, as compared to 2% of the females. There was no clear association with urban/rural status, or with level of education. The total prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) was 30%; the prevalence of obesity class 2 (BMI ≥35) and class 3 (BMI ≥40) was 8% and 1.7%, respectively. Obesity increased by age, especially in females, and was less frequent among people with high education and people with urban residence. Conclusions: The Kielce region of Poland is experiencing a significant burden of cancer risk factors, including obesity and tobacco smoking, but smoking may be a decreasing habit. It is necessary to increase the awareness of the population to the harmful effects of smoking and obesity to prevent cancer and other lifestyle related diseases.
关键词：Keywords: cross sectional study; population study; Cancer Risk Factors; Poland;