文章基本信息

标题：Convergence or divergence? Changing gender differences in commuting in two Swedish urban regions
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作者：Ana Gil Solá et Bertil Vilhelmson
期刊名称：CyberGeo : European Journal of Geography
印刷版ISSN：1278-3366
出版年度：2012
卷号：2012
页码：1-16
DOI：10.4000/cybergeo.25141
出版社：Université de Paris, Institute de Géographie
摘要：This paper explores whether gender-based commuting gaps change in Sweden in times when policies at various levels seek to promote both spatially extended labour markets and gender equality. We use Swedish national travel survey data from 1994–1995 and 2005–2006 to explore inequality in terms of distance, time use, speed, and car use. Special attention is paid to the urban regions of Malmö and Göteborg, as they display large and diverging changes over time. Results indicate that both women and men in Sweden increased daily commuting distance over the period, and that the gender gap slightly decreased. Both women and men spent more time commuting than using faster transport systems to extend their labour market access. Women still commute by slower means of transport than do men, and this did not change substantially. At the regional level, average commuting distances for women and men converged in the Malmö region, in contrast to increased divergence in the Göteborg region. Convergence in Malmö was mainly associated with women extending their daily travel, while divergence in Göteborg depended on men extending theirs. Changed access to cars does not seem to be the main explanation of the observed difference in commuting distance between women and men in the two regions indicating that gender-related changes are largely contingent on region-specific factors.
关键词：commuting;gender;labour/labor market;mobility