The aim of this paper was to discuss aggression and victimization in two contexts: school and virtual. Although there is already substantial theoretical material about this topic, still there is lack of information and subside to sustain public policy and interventions to prevent school violence. Through a critical literature revision, some elucidative aspects to comprehend bullying phenomena and also cyber bullying are discussed. Through an ecological perspective challenges to preventive actions are presented and discussed, as well as some myths and truth about these themes.