神奈川県横浜市市立M高の昭和32年度入学著350名について,その第1学期における主要5科目の成績を基準として妥当性を算出し,さらに,学区内の4つの中学校からの進学志望者が,選抜のさいに公平に取扱われているかいないかを,向上指数の点から検討した。M高の選抜法の妥当性はきわめて高かったが,同時に向上指数の平均において,4つの中学の間には有意た差が認められた。これは,主としてある中学においては,成績の基準が甘すぎるので,ナマの成績をそのまま用いるM高の選抜法によって,有利に扱われるためであると考えられた。この点から,及び基準との相関の上からいって,中学での成績を尺度化しておくことがのぞましいと考えられた。尺度化された中学での成績は,他の選疲の資料である2種の学力検査にくらべてかなり高い妥当性を示した。中学での成績が高い予測力をもつであろうということは、それを用いないで,選抜を行っている東京都都立S高の方法の低い妥当性によっても支持された。

The importance to the individual and society of admission standards seems chiefly due to the fact that the academic career of an individual determines his whole future, namely his professional and social life in general. Thus, since the success or failure of the admission into a school is of primary importance to every adolescent, the screening of applicants must be all the more valid and impartial. This study aimed to examine the validity and impartiality of the screening system of a senior high school and to compare of the predictive power of 'each instrument employed therein, taking as, criteria the academic records in five major school subjects at the end of the first term. The subjects included some 350 tenth graders of a senior high school in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. The validity coefficient of the screening system employed by the said high school, consisting of the grand total of two kinds of achievement test and academic records (5-point marks) in five major school subjects in the eighth and ninth grades (the second and third years in Japanese junior high school), was found to be as high as . 840, and even up to . 897 when corrected for selection. However, when we averaged the differences between the estimated criterion values (by the regression equation.) and the actual values achieved by the graduates of the four junior high school, we found these means were significantly different. That is, there was a tendency for all the graduates of one junior high school to be evaluated more highly in the screening and accordingly admitted more easily into the high school, compared with those of other junior high schools. This bias seems to be caused mainly by the difference in the standards of assessment of different school's, however, the possible effect of tutoring for the examination may not be disregarded.